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1. The Way
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The Way that can be experienced is not true;
The world that can be constructed is not true.
The Way manifests all that happens and may happen;
The world represents all that exists and may exist.
To experience without intention is to sense the world;
To experience with intention is to anticipate the world.
These two experiences are indistinguishable;
Their construction differs but their effect is the same.
Beyond the gate of experience flows the Way,
Which is ever greater and more subtle than the world.
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2. Abstraction
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When beauty is abstracted
Then ugliness has been implied;
When good is abstracted
Then evil has been implied.
So alive and dead are abstracted from nature,
Difficult and easy abstracted from progress,
Long and short abstracted from contrast,
High and low abstracted from depth,
Song and speech abstracted from melody,
After and before abstracted from sequence.
The sage experiences without abstraction,
And accomplishes without action;
He accepts the ebb and flow of things,
Nurtures them, but does not own them,
And lives, but does not dwell.
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3. Without Action
äžç«
Not praising the worthy prevents contention,
Not esteeming the valuable prevents theft,
Not displaying the beautiful prevents desire.
In this manner the sage governs people:
Emptying their minds,
Filling their bellies,
Weakening their ambitions,
And strengthening their bones.
If people lack knowledge and desire
Then they can not act;
If no action is taken
Harmony remains.
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4. Limitless
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The Way is a limitless vessel;
Used by the self, it is not filled by the world;
It cannot be cut, knotted, dimmed or stilled;
Its depths are hidden, ubiquitous and eternal;
I donât know where it comes from;
It comes before nature.
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5. Nature
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Nature is not kind;
It treats all things impartially.
The Sage is not kind,
And treats all people impartially.
Nature is like a bellows,
Empty, yet never ceasing its supply.
The more it moves, the more it yields;
So the sage draws upon experience
And cannot be exhausted.
倩å°ã¯äžä»ãªããããè¬ç©ã以ãŠè»çãšãªãã»ã©ã«ãè人ã¯äžä»ãªããããçŸå§ã以ãŠè»çãšãªãã»ã©ã«ã倩å°ã®éã¯ãããç¶ã»æ§ç±¥ã®ããšãããèã«ããŠå±ãããåãã°ããããåºã¥ãå€èšãªãã°ãã°ãã°çª®ããã°ãäžãå®ãã«ã¯ãããã
6. Experience
å ç«
Experience is a riverbed,
Its source hidden, forever flowing:
Its entrance, the root of the world,
The Way moves within it:
Draw upon it; it will not run dry.
è°·ç¥ã¯æ»ããããããççãšè¬ãµãççã®éãããã倩å°ã®æ ¹ãšè¬ãµã綿綿ãšããŠåãããããšãããŠããããçšãµããå€ããã
7. Complete
äžç«
Nature is complete because it does not serve itself.
The sage places himself after and finds himself before,
Ignores his desire and finds himself content.
He is complete because he does not serve himself.
倩ã¯é·ãå°ã¯ä¹ ãã倩å°ã®ããé·ãäžã€ä¹ ããæ以ã®ãã®ã¯ããã®èªãçãããã以ãŠãªããæ ã«ããé·çããæ¯ã以ãŠãè人ã¯ãã®èº«ãåŸã«ãããèã身ã¯å ã ã¡ããã®èº«ãå€ã«ãããèã身ã®åããã¯ããã®ç¡ç§ãªãã以ãŠã«ãããããæ ã«ããããã®ç§ããªããªãã
8. Water
å «ç«
The best of man is like water,
Which benefits all things, and does not contend with them,
Which flows in places that others disdain,
Where it is in harmony with the Way.
So the sage:
Lives within nature,
Thinks within the deep,
Gives within impartiality,
Speaks within trust,
Governs within order,
Crafts within ability,
Acts within opportunity.
He does not contend, and none contend against him.
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9. Retire
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Fill a cup to its brim and it is easily spilled;
Temper a sword to its hardest and it is easily broken;
Amass the greatest treasure and it is easily stolen;
Claim credit and honour and you easily fall;
Retire once your purpose is achieved â this is natural.
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10. Harmony
åç«
Embracing the Way, you become embraced;
Breathing gently, you become newborn;
Clearing your mind, you become clear;
Nurturing your children, you become impartial;
Opening your heart, you become accepted;
Accepting the world, you embrace the Way.
Bearing and nurturing,
Creating but not owning,
Giving without demanding,
This is harmony.
çéäžãæ±ããŠãããé¢ããããšãªãããããæ°ãå°ãã«ãæãèŽããŠããã嬰å ã®åŠããªããããæ»é€ç芜ããŠãããçµãªãããããæ°ãæãåœãæ²»ããã«ã¯ãããç¡ç²ãªããããã倩éééããŠãããéãããããæçœåéããŠãããç¡ç¥ãªãããããããçããããçãµãçãããæãããç²ããæãŸããé·ãããå®°ããããããç執ãšè¬ãµã
11. Tools
åäžç«
Thirty spokes meet at a nave;
Because of the hole we may use the wheel.
Clay is moulded into a vessel;
Because of the hollow we may use the cup.
Walls are built around a hearth;
Because of the doors we may use the house.
Thus tools come from what exists,
But use from what does not.
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12. Substance
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Too much colour blinds the eye,
Too much music deafens the ear,
Too much taste dulls the palate,
Too much play maddens the mind,
Too much desire tears the heart.
In this manner the sage cares for people:
He provides for the belly, not for the senses;
He ignores abstraction and holds fast to substance.
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13. Self
åäžç«
Both praise and blame cause concern,
For they bring people hope and fear.
The object of hope and fear is the self -
For, without self, to whom may fortune and disaster occur?
Therefore,
Who distinguishes himself from the world may be given the world,
But who regards himself as the world may accept the world.
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14. Mystery
ååç«
Looked at but cannot be seen â it is beneath form;
Listened to but cannot be heard â it is beneath sound;
Held but cannot be touched â it is beneath feeling;
These depthless things evade definition,
And blend into a single mystery.
In its rising there is no light,
In its falling there is no darkness,
A continuous thread beyond description,
Lining what can not occur;
Its form formless,
Its image nothing,
Its name silence;
Follow it, it has no back,
Meet it, it has no face.
Attend the present to deal with the past;
Thus you grasp the continuity of the Way,
Which is its essence.
ãããèŠãã©ãèŠãããåã¥ããŠå€·ãšæ°ãµããããèœãã©ãèãããåã¥ããŠåžãšæ°ãµããããæãžããšãããåŸããåã¥ããŠåŸ®ãšæ°ãµããã®äžã€ã®è ã¯ã以ãŠèŽè©°ãã¹ããããæ ã«æ··ããŠäžãšãªãããã®äžã¯çŠããªããããã®äžã¯æ§ããããçžçžå ®ãšããŠåã¥ãã¹ãããããŠãç¡ç©ã«åŸ©æžãããããç¡çã®çãç¡ç©ã®è±¡ãšè¬ãµããããææãšè¬ãµããããè¿ãµãããã®éŠãèŠããããã«éšãµããã®åŸãèŠããå€ã®éããšããŠã以ãŠä»ã®æã埡ããããå€å§ãç¥ãããããéçŽãšè¬ãµã
15. Enlightenment
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The enlightened possess understanding
So profound they can not be understood.
Because they cannot be understood
I can only describe their appearance:
Cautious as one crossing thin ice,
Undecided as one surrounded by danger,
Modest as one who is a guest,
Unbounded as melting ice,
Genuine as unshaped wood,
Broad as a valley,
Seamless as muddy water.
Who stills the water that the mud may settle,
Who seeks to stop that he may travel on,
Who desires less than may transpire,
Decays, but will not renew.
å€ã®åã士ããè ã¯ã埮åŠçéãæ·±ãããŠèãã¹ãããããããã èãã¹ããããæ ã«åŒºã²ãŠããã容ããªãã°ãè±«å ®ãšããŠå¬ã«å·ãæžããããšããç¶å ®ãšããŠåé£ãçãããããšããåŒå ®ãšããŠãã客ãããåŠããæžå ®ãšããŠå°ã®ãŸãã«éãããšãããããšããæŠå ®ãšããŠããæšžã®ããšããæ å ®ãšããŠããè°·ã®è¥ããæ··å ®ãšããŠããæ¿ããããšããå°ãããæ¿ããŠã以ãŠéãã«ããŠåŸã«æž ããããå°ãããå®ãããŠã以ãŠåããŠåŸã«çããããã®éãä¿ã€è ã¯ãçã€ãããšã欲ããããããã çãããæ ã«ããæããŠæ°ãã«æããã
16. Decay and Renewal
åå ç«
Empty the self completely;
Embrace perfect peace.
The world will rise and move;
Watch it return to rest.
All the flourishing things
Will return to their source.
This return is peaceful;
It is the flow of nature,
An eternal decay and renewal.
Accepting this brings enlightenment,
Ignoring this brings misery.
Who accepts natureâs flow becomes all-cherishing;
Being all-cherishing he becomes impartial;
Being impartial he becomes magnanimous;
Being magnanimous he becomes natural;
Being natural he becomes one with the Way;
Being one with the Way he becomes immortal:
Though his body will decay, the Way will not.
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17. Rulers
åäžç«
The best rulers are scarcely known by their subjects;
The next best are loved and praised;
The next are feared;
The next despised:
They have no faith in their people,
And their people become unfaithful to them.
When the best rulers achieve their purpose
Their subjects claim the achievement as their own.
倪äžã«ã¯ãäžããããããšãç¥ããããã®æ¬¡ã«ã¯ãããã«èŠªãã¿ãããèœãããã®æ¬¡ã«ã¯ããããçãããã®æ¬¡ã«ã¯ãããã䟮ããæ ã«ã信足ãããã°ãä¿¡ãããããšãããªããç¶å ®ãšããŠããèšã貎ã³ãããåæãäºéããŠãçŸå§çæãèªç¶ãªããšè¬ãµã
18. Hypocrisy
åå «ç«
When the Way is forgotten
Duty and justice appear;
Then knowledge and wisdom are born
Along with hypocrisy.
When harmonious relationships dissolve
Then respect and devotion arise;
When a nation falls to chaos
Then loyalty and patriotism are born.
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19. Simplify
åä¹ç«
If we could abolish knowledge and wisdom
Then people would profit a hundredfold;
If we could abolish duty and justice
Then harmonious relationships would form;
If we could abolish artifice and profit
Then waste and theft would disappear.
Yet such remedies treat only symptoms
And so they are inadequate.
People need personal remedies:
Reveal your naked self and embrace your original nature;
Bind your self-interest and control your ambition;
Forget your habits and simplify your affairs.
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20. Wandering
äºåç«
What is the difference between assent and denial?
What is the difference between beautiful and ugly?
What is the difference between fearsome and afraid?
The people are merry as if at a magnificent party
Or playing in the park at springtime,
But I am tranquil and wandering,
Like a newborn before it learns to smile,
Alone, with no true home.
The people have enough and to spare,
Where I have nothing,
And my heart is foolish,
Muddled and cloudy.
The people are bright and certain,
Where I am dim and confused;
The people are clever and wise,
Where I am dull and ignorant;
Aimless as a wave drifting over the sea,
Attached to nothing.
The people are busy with purpose,
Where I am impractical and rough;
I do not share the peoplesâ cares
But I am fed at natureâs breast.
åžã絶ãã°æãªããããå¯ãšé¿ãšã®ãçžå»ãããšã¯ããã°ãããåãšæªãšãçžå»ãããšã¯ãããã人ã®çããæã¯ãçãããã¹ããããããèå ®ãšããŠããæªã 倮ãããããªãè¡äººã¯ççãšããŠã倪ç¢ã享ãããåŠããæ¥èºã«ç»ããåŠãããæã¯çšãæ³å ®ãšããŠããæªã å ããã嬰å ã®æªã å©ããããåŠããä¹ä¹å ®ãšããŠåž°ããæãªããããšããè¡äººã¯ã¿ãªé€ãããŠããããæã¯çšãéºããããããšãããæã¯æ人ã®å¿ãªããããæ²æ²å ®ããã®ã¿ãä¿äººã¯ã¿ãªææããããæã¯çšãæããããšããä¿äººã¯ã¿ãªå¯å¯ããããæã¯çšãæ¶æ¶ãããæŸ¹å ®ãšããŠæµ·ã®ããšããé£å ®ãšããŠæ¢ãŸãæãªããããšããè¡äººã¯ã¿ãªä»¥ããããšãããããããæã¯çšãé ãã€éãªããæã¯äººã«ç°ãªããããšã欲ããŠãèããŠé£æ¯ã貎ã¶ãªãã
21. Accept
äºåäžç«
Harmony is only in following the Way.
The Way is without form or quality,
But expresses all forms and qualities;
The Way is hidden and implicate,
But expresses all of nature;
The Way is unchanging,
But expresses all motion.
Beneath sensation and memory
The Way is the source of all the world.
How can I understand the source of the world?
By accepting.
å執ã®å®¹ã¯ããã éã«ããåŸãµãªããéã®ç©ãããããæããããæãããæå ®ããæå ®ãããããã®äžã«è±¡æããæå ®ããæå ®ãããããã®äžã«ç©æããçªå ®ããå¥å ®ãããããã®äžã«ç²Ÿæãããã®ç²Ÿçã çã«ããŠããã®äžã«ä¿¡æããå€ããä»ã«åã³ãŠããã®åã¯å»ããã以ãŠè¡ç«ãé²ã¶ãåŸããªã«ã以ãŠè¡ç«ã®ç¶ããç¥ããããããã以ãŠãªãã
22. Home
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Accept and you become whole,
Bend and you straighten,
Empty and you fill,
Decay and you renew,
Want and you acquire,
Fulfill and you become confused.
The sage accepts the world
As the world accepts the Way;
He does not display himself, so is clearly seen,
Does not justify himself, so is recognized,
Does not boast, so is credited,
Does not pride himself, so endures,
Does not contend, so none contend against him.
The ancients said, âAccept and you become wholeâ,
Once whole, the world is as your home.
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23. Words
äºåäžç«
Nature says only a few words:
High wind does not last long,
Nor does heavy rain.
If natureâs words do not last
Why should those of man?
Who accepts harmony, becomes harmonious.
Who accepts loss, becomes lost.
For who accepts harmony, the Way harmonizes with him,
And who accepts loss, the Way cannot find.
åžèšã¯èªç¶ãªããæ ã«ãé£é¢šã¯æãçµãžããé©éšã¯æ¥ãçµãžããå°ãããããªããã®ãã倩å°ãªãã倩å°ããå°ã»ä¹ ããããšèœã¯ããèããæ³ã人ã«æŒãŠãããæ ã«ãéã«åŸäºããè ã¯ãéã«åãããã執è ãšã¯åŸ·ã«åãããã倱è ãšã¯å€±ã«åããããéã«åããããè ã¯ãéããŸããããåŸããæšã¿ã執ã«åããããè ã¯ã執ããŸããããåŸããæšã¿ã倱ã«åããããè ã¯ã倱ããŸããããåŸããæšããªãã信足ããã°ãä¿¡ãããããšããã
24. Indulgence
äºååç«
Straighten yourself and you will not stand steady;
Display yourself and you will not be clearly seen;
Justify yourself and you will not be respected;
Promote yourself and you will not be believed;
Pride yourself and you will not endure.
These behaviours are wasteful, indulgent,
And so they attract disfavour;
Harmony avoids them.
è·ã€è ã¯ç«ãããè·šãè ã¯è¡ãããèªããèŠã¯ãè ã¯æããªãããèªããæ¯ãšããè ã¯åœ°ã¯ãããèªããäŒãè ã¯åãªããèªããçãè ã¯é·ãããããã®éã«ãããŠããé€é£èŽ è¡ãšæ°ã²ãç©æã¯ãããæªããæ ã«æéè ã¯èãããªãã
25. Beneath Abstraction
äºåäºç«
There is a mystery,
Beneath abstraction,
Silent, depthless,
Alone, unchanging,
Ubiquitous and liquid,
The mother of nature.
It has no name, but I call it âthe Wayâ;
It has no limit, but I call it âlimitlessâ.
Being limitless, it flows away forever;
Flowing away forever, it returns to my self:
The Way is limitless,
So nature is limitless,
So the world is limitless,
And so I am limitless.
For I am abstracted from the world,
The world from nature,
Nature from the Way,
And the Way from what is beneath abstraction.
ç©ãããŠæ··æãã倩å°ã«å ã ã€ãŠçãããå¯å ®ããå¯å ®ãããçšç«ããŠæ¹ãããåšè¡ããŠæ®ãããã以ãŠå€©äžã®æ¯ããã¹ããåŸã¯ãã®åãç¥ãããããããã«åããŠéãšæ°ã²ã区ã²ãŠãããåãçºããŠå€§ãšæ°ã²ã倧ãéãšæ°ã²ãéãé ãšæ°ã²ãé ãåãšæ°ãµãæ ã«ãéã¯å€§ã倩ã倧ãå°ã倧ãçãå倧ãªããåäžã«å倧ãããŠãçã¯ãã®äžã«å± ãã人ã¯å°ã«æ³ãšããå°ã¯å€©ã«æ³ãšãã倩ã¯éã«æ³ãšããéã¯èªç¶ã«æ³ãšããªãã
26. Calm
äºåå ç«
Gravity is the source of lightness,
Calm, the master of haste.
A lone traveller will journey all day, watching over his belongings;
Yet once safe in his bed he will lose them in sleep.
The captain of a great vessel will not act lightly or hastily.
Acting lightly, he loses sight of the world,
Acting hastily, he loses control of himself.
A captain can not treat his great ship as a small boat;
Rather than glitter like jade
He must stand like stone.
éã¯èŒã®æ ¹ãããéã¯èºã®åãããæ¯ã以ãŠãè人ã¯çµæ¥è¡ãã©ããèãèŒéãé¢ããã抮è§ãããšéããçåŠããŠè¶ ç¶ãããåŠäœãè¬ä¹ã®äž»ã«ããŠãèã身ã以ãŠå€©äžã«èŒãããããèŒããã°åã¡è£ã倱ã²ãèºãããã°åã¡åã倱ã¯ãã
27. Perfection
äºåäžç«
The perfect traveller leaves no trail to be followed;
The perfect speaker leaves no question to be answered;
The perfect accountant leaves no working to be completed;
The perfect container leaves no lock to be closed;
The perfect knot leaves no end to be ravelled.
So the sage nurtures all men
And abandons no one.
He accepts everything
And rejects nothing.
He attends to the smallest details.
So the strong must guide the weak,
For the weak are raw material to the strong.
If the guide is not respected,
Or the material is not cared for,
Confusion will result, no matter how clever one is.
This is the secret of perfection:
When raw wood is carved, it becomes a tool;
When a man is employed, he becomes a tool;
The perfect carpenter leaves no wood to be carved.
åè¡ã«ã¯èœè¿¹ãªããåèšã«ã¯ç謫ãªããåèšã«ã¯ç±çŽ¢ãçšã²ããåéã«ã¯é¢æ¥ãªãããŠãèãéãã¹ããããåçµã«ã¯çžçŽãªãããŠãèã解ãã¹ããããæ¯ã以ãŠãè人ã¯åžžã«åã人ãæãµãæ ã«æ£äººãªããåžžã«åãç©ãæãµãæ ã«æ£ç©ãªããæ¯ã襲æãšè¬ãµãæ ã«ãå人ã¯äžå人ã®åž«ã«ããŠãäžå人ã¯å人ã®è³ãªãããã®åž«ã貎ã°ãããã®è³ãæãããã°ãç¥ãããšéã倧ã«è¿·ãžãããããèŠåŠãšè¬ãµã
28. Becoming
äºåå «ç«
Using the male, being female,
Being the entrance of the world,
You embrace harmony
And become as a newborn.
Using strength, being weak,
Being the root of the world,
You complete harmony
And become as unshaped wood.
Using the light, being dark,
Being the world,
You perfect harmony
And return to the Way.
ãã®éãç¥ããŠããã®éãå®ãã°ã倩äžã®è°¿ãšãªãã倩äžã®è°¿ãšãªãã°ã垞執ã¯é¢ããããŠã嬰å ã«åŸ©æžãããã®çœãç¥ãããã®é»ãå®ãã°ã倩äžã®åŒãšçºãã倩äžã®åŒãšãªãã°ãåžžã®åŸ·ã¯å¿ã¯ãããŠãç¡æ¥µã«åŸ©æžãããã®æŠ®ãç¥ãããã®èŸ±ãå®ãã°ã倩äžã®è°·ãšãªãã倩äžã®è°·ãšãªãã°ã垞執ã¯ä¹ã¡è¶³ã€ãŠãæšžã«åŸ©æžããæšžæ£ããã°åã¡åšãšãªããè人ãããçšã²ãŠãåã¡å®é·ãšãªããæ ã«ã倧å¶ã«ããŠå²ããããªãã
29. Ambition
äºåä¹ç«
Those who wish to change the world
According with their desire
Cannot succeed.
The world is shaped by the Way;
It cannot be shaped by the self.
Trying to change it, you damage it;
Trying to possess it, you lose it.
So some will lead, while others follow.
Some will be warm, others cold
Some will be strong, others weak.
Some will get where they are going
While others fall by the side of the road.
So the sage will be neither wasteful nor violent.
倩äžãåã€ãŠããããç²ãããšå°æ¬²ããããåŸã¯ãã®åŸãããèŠãã®ã¿ã倩äžã¯ç¥åšãªãã°ãç²ãã¹ãããããªããç²ãããšããè ã¯ãããæããå·ãããšããè ã¯ããã倱ã¯ããå¡ãç©ã¯ãæã¯è¡ããæã¯éšã²ãæã¯åããæãã¯å¹ããæã¯åŒºãããæã¯çŸžãããæã¯èŒããæãã¯å¢®ããæ¯ã以ãŠè人ã¯çãå»ãã奢ãå»ããæ³°ãå»ããªãã
30. Violence
äžåç«
Powerful men are well advised not to use violence,
For violence has a habit of returning;
Thorns and weeds grow wherever an army goes,
And lean years follow a great war.
A general is well advised
To achieve nothing more than his orders:
Not to take advantage of his victory.
Nor to glory, boast or pride himself;
To do what is dictated by necessity,
But not by choice.
For even the strongest force will weaken with time,
And then its violence will return, and kill it.
éã以ãŠäººäž»ãäœããè ã¯ãå µã以ãŠå€©äžã«åŒºãããããã®äºã¯éãã奜ããªããåž«ã®èããæã«ã¯ãèæ£çãã倧è»ã®åŸã«ã¯ãå¿ ãå¶å¹Žãããæ ã«ãåè ã¯æããŠå·²ããæ¢ãŠåŒºãåãããæããŠçãããšãªãããæããŠäŒãããšãªãããæããŠé©ãããšãªãããæããŠå·²ããåŸãããæããŠåŒºãªãããšãªãããç©ã¯å£¯ãªãã°åã¡èãããããäžéãšè¬ãµãäžéãªãã°æ©ãå·²ããªãã
31. Armies
äžåäžç«
Armies are tools of violence;
They cause men to hate and fear.
The sage will not join them.
His purpose is creation;
Their purpose is destruction.
Weapons are tools of violence,
Not of the sage;
He uses them only when there is no choice,
And then calmly, and with tact,
For he finds no beauty in them.
Whoever finds beauty in weapons
Delights in the slaughter of men;
And who delights in slaughter
Cannot content himself with peace.
So slaughters must be mourned
And conquest celebrated with a funeral.
倫ãäœ³å µã¯äžç¥¥ã®åšã«ããŠãç©æã¯ãããæªããæ ã«ãæéè ã¯èããããªããæ¯ã以ãŠãååã¯ãå± ãã«ã¯åã¡å·Šã貎ã³ãå µãçšãµãã«ã¯åã¡å³ã貎ã¶ãå µã¯äžç¥¥ã®åšã«ããŠãååã®åšã«ãããããããåŸãããŠãããçšãµãããæ¬æ·¡ãäžãšãªããåã€ãšãèãçŸãšããããªãããããçŸãšããè ã¯ããã殺人ã楜ããªãã殺人ã楜ãè ã¯ãåã¡å¿ã倩äžã«åŸã¹ããããïŒæ ã«ãåäºã«ã¯å·Šãå°ã³ãå¶äºã«ã¯å³ãå°ã¶ãæ¯ã以ãŠãåå°è»ã¯å·Šã«èããäžå°è»ã¯å³ã«èããåªçŠ®ã以ãŠããã«èããèšãµãªããïŒäººã殺ãããšã®è¡å€ãªãã°ãåã¡æ²åã以ãŠãããæ³£ããæ°ã«åãŠã°ãåã¡åªçŠ®ã以ãŠããã«èããªãã
32. Shapes
äžåäºç«
The Way has no true shape,
And therefore none can control it.
If a ruler could control the Way
All things would follow
In harmony with his desire,
And sweet rain would fall,
Effortlessly slaking every thirst.
The Way is shaped by use,
But then the shape is lost.
Do not hold fast to shapes
But let sensation flow into the world
As a river courses down to the sea.
éã¯åžžã«ããŠåãªããæŽãªãã«ããŠå°ãªããšéãã倩äžã«æ¢ãŠè£ãšããã䟯çããããå®ãã°ãäžç©ã¯ãŸãã«èªãè³ãããšãã倩å°ã¯çžåã²ãŠã以ãŠçé²ãéããæ°ã¯ããã什ãããªãããŠãèãèªããåãããããã¯ãããŠå¶ããŠåãããåã亊ãã§ã«ãããããã亊æ¢ãŸãããšãç¥ãããšããæ¢ãŸãããšãç¥ãã¯ãæ®ããããæ以ãªããéã®å€©äžã«ãããè¬ãµãã°ãç¶ã»å·è°·ã®æ±æµ·ã«æŒãããããšããªãã
33. Virtues
äžåäžç«
Who understands the world is learned;
Who understands the self is enlightened.
Who conquers the world has strength;
Who conquers the self has harmony.
Who is determined has purpose;
Who is contented has wealth.
Who defends his home may long endure;
Who surrenders his home may long survive it.
人ãç¥ããã®ã¯æºã«ããŠãèªããç¥ããã®ã¯æãªãã人ã«åã€è ã¯åãããŠãèªãã«åã€è ã¯åŒºãªãã足ãããšãç¥ããã®ã¯å¯ã¿ãè¡ã²ã区ãããã®ã¯å¿ãæã€ããã®æã倱ã¯ããè ã¯ä¹ ãããæ»ããã亡ã³ãããã®ã¯å£œãªãã
34. Control
äžååç«
The Way flows and ebbs, creating and destroying,
Implementing all the world, attending to the tiniest details,
Claiming nothing in return.
It nurtures all things,
Though it does not control them;
It has no intention,
So it seems inconsequential.
It is the substance of all things;
Though it does not control them;
It has no exception,
So it seems all-important.
The sage would not control the world;
He is in harmony with the world.
倧éã¯æ±å ®ãšããŠãå ¶ãå·Šå³ãã¹ããè¬ç©ã¯ããã«æã¿ãŠã以ãŠçãããèŸãããåãããåãšãæãããè¬ç©ãæé€ããŠãèãäž»ãšãªãããå°ãšåãã¹ããè¬ç©ã¯æžããã©ããèãäž»ãšãªãããåã¥ããŠå€§ãšãªãã¹ããæ¯ã以ãŠãè人ã¯çµã«èªã倧ãšãªãããæ ã«ãããã®å€§ãæããªãã
35. Peace
äžåäºç«
If you offer music and food
Strangers may stop with you;
But if you accord with the Way
All the people of the world will keep you
In safety, health, community, and peace.
The Way lacks art and flavour;
It can neither be seen nor heard,
But its benefit cannot be exhausted.
倧象ãå·ãã°å€©äžã¯åŸããåŸããèã害ãããå®å¹³æ³°ãªãã楜ãšé€ãšã«ã¯ãé客ãæ¢ãŸãããéã®å£ããåºã¥ãã¯ãæ·¡ä¹ãšããŠããå³ã²ãªãããããèŠãã©ãèŠãã«è¶³ããããããèœãã©ãèãã«è¶³ããããããããçšãµãã°æ£ó ãã¹ãããã
36. Opposition
äžåå ç«
To reduce someoneâs influence, first expand it;
To reduce someoneâs force, first increase it;
To overthrow someone, first exalt them;
To take from someone, first give to them.
This is the subtlety by which the weak overcome the strong:
Fish should not leave their depths,
And swords should not leave their scabbards.
ãããæãããšå°æ¬²ããã°ãå¿ ãåºãããã匵ãããããã匱ãããšå°æ¬²ããã°ãå¿ ãåºãããã区ãããããããå»ãããšå°æ¬²ããã°ãå¿ ãåºããããèãããããã奪ã¯ããšå°æ¬²ããã°ãå¿ ãåºããããèãžããããã埮æãšè¬ãµãªããæã¯åã«åã¡ã匱ã¯åŒºã«åã€ãéã¯æ·µããè±ãã¹ããããåã®å©åšã¯ä»¥ãŠäººã«ç€ºãã¹ãããã
37. Tranquillity
äžåäžç«
The Way takes no action, but leaves nothing undone.
When you accept this
The world will flourish,
In harmony with nature.
Nature does not possess desire;
Without desire, the heart becomes quiet;
In this manner the whole world is made tranquil.
éã¯åžžã«ããŠç²ãããšãªãããèãç²ãããããšãªãã䟯çããããå®ãã°ãè¬ç©ã¯ãŸãã«èªããåãããšããåããŠäœãããšããã°ãåŸã¯ãããéããã«ç¡åã®æšžã以ãŠãããšããç¡åã®æšžãã亊ãŸãã«æ¬²ãããããšãã欲ããããŠä»¥ãŠéãªãã°ã倩äžã¯ãŸãã«èªããæ£ãããããšãã
38. Ritual
äžåå «ç«
Well established hierarchies are not easily uprooted;
Closely held beliefs are not easily released;
So ritual enthralls generation after generation.
Harmony does not care for harmony, and so is naturally attained;
But ritual is intent upon harmony, and so can not attain it.
Harmony neither acts nor reasons;
Love acts, but without reason;
Justice acts to serve reason;
But ritual acts to enforce reason.
When the Way is lost, there remains harmony;
When harmony is lost, there remains love;
When love is lost, there remains justice;
But when justice is lost, there remains ritual.
Ritual is the end of compassion and honesty,
The beginning of confusion;
Belief is a colourful hope or fear,
The beginning of folly.
The sage goes by harmony, not by hope;
He dwells in the fruit, not the flower;
He accepts substance, and ignores abstraction.
äžåŸ·ã¯åŸ·ãšãããæ¯ã以ãŠåŸ·ãããäžåŸ·ã¯åŸ·ã倱ã¯ããããšããæ¯ã以ãŠåŸ·ãªããäžåŸ·ã¯ç²ãããšãªãããŠãèãç²ãããããšãªããäžåŸ·ã¯ãããç²ããŠãèã以ãŠç²ãããšãªããäžä»ã¯ãããç²ããŠãèã以ãŠç²ãããšãªããäžçŸ©ã¯ããããªããŠãèã以ãŠç²ãããšãããäžçŠ®ã¯ãããç²ããŠãèãããã«æããããšãªããã°ãåã¡èãæããŠãããä»ããæ ã«ãéã倱ã€ãŠèããŠåŸã«åŸ·ããã執ã倱ã€ãŠèããŠåŸã«ä»ãããä»ã倱ã€ãŠèããŠåŸã«çŸ©ããã矩ã倱ã€ãŠèããŠåŸã«çŠ®ããã倫ã犮ã¯ãå¿ ä¿¡ã®èã«ããŠãèããŠäºã®éŠãªããåèè ã¯ãéã®è¯ã«ããŠãèããŠæã®å§ãªããæ¯ã以ãŠå€§äžå€«ã¯ããã®åãã«èã€ãŠããã®èãã«èããããã®å¯Šã«èã€ãŠããã®è¯ã«èãããæ ã«ã圌ãå»ã€ãŠæ€ããåããªãã
39. Support
äžåä¹ç«
In mythical times all things were whole:
All the sky was clear,
All the earth was stable,
All the mountains were firm,
All the riverbeds were full,
All of nature was fertile,
And all the rulers were supported.
But, losing clarity, the sky tore;
Losing stability, the earth split;
Losing strength, the mountains sank;
Losing water, the riverbeds cracked;
Losing fertility, nature disappeared;
And losing support, the rulers fell.
Rulers depend upon their subjects,
The noble depend upon the humble;
So rulers call themselves orphaned, hungry and alone,
To win the peopleâs support.
æã¯äžãåŸããè ãªãã倩ã¯äžãåŸãŠä»¥ãŠæ·žããå°ã¯äžãåŸãŠä»¥ãŠå¯§ããç¥ã¯äžãåŸãŠä»¥ãŠéãšãªããè°·ã¯äžãåŸãŠä»¥ãŠçã¡ãè¬ç©ã¯äžãåŸãŠä»¥ãŠçãã䟯çã¯äžãåŸãŠä»¥ãŠå€©äžã®æ£ãšãªãããã®ãããèŽãã¯äžãªãã倩淞ãã以ãŠããšãªããã°ãå°æããã¯è£ãããå°å¯§ãã以ãŠããããšãªããã°ãå°æããã¯çŒãããç¥éã以ãŠããããšãªããã°ãå°æããã¯æããè°·çã€ãã以ãŠããããšãªããã°ãå°æããã¯ç«ãããè¬ç©çããã以ãŠããããšãªããã°ãå°æããã¯æ» ããã䟯çæ£ããã以ãŠããããšãªããèã貎é«ãªãã°ãå°æããã¯è¹ãããæ ã«ã貎ã¯è³€ã以ãŠæ¬ãšãªããé«ãã¯äžãã以ãŠåºãšãªããªããæ¯ã以ãŠäŸ¯çã¯èªããå€å¯¡äžç©ãšè¬ãµãããããã®è³€ã以ãŠæ¬ãšãªããããããããæ ã«ã茿ãæžãµãããšãèŽãã°èŒ¿ãªããççãšããŠçã®åŠããççãšããŠç³ã®åŠããªãã欲ããã
40. Motion and Use
ååç«
The motion of the Way is to return;
The use of the Way is to accept;
All things come from the Way,
And the Way comes from nothing.
åã¯éã®åã«ããŠã匱ã¯éã®çšãªãã倩å°è¬ç©ã¯ãæããçããæã¯ç¡ããçãã
41. Following
ååäžç«
When the great man learns the Way, he follows it with diligence;
When the common man learns the Way, he follows it on occasion;
When the mean man learns the Way, he laughs out loud;
Those who do not laugh, do not learn at all.
Therefore it is said:
Who understands the Way seems foolish;
Who progresses on the Way seems to fail;
Who follows the Way seems to wander.
For the finest harmony appears plain;
The brightest truth appears coloured;
The richest character appears incomplete;
The bravest heart appears meek;
The simplest nature appears inconstant.
The square, perfected, has no corner;
Music, perfected, has no melody;
Love, perfected, has no climax;
Art, perfected, has no meaning.
The Way can be neither sensed nor known:
It transmits sensation and transcends knowledge.
äžå£«ã¯éãèãã°ãå€ããŠãããè¡ãµãäžå£«ã¯éãèãã°ãåããè¥ã亡ãããè¥ããäžå£«ã¯éãèãã°ã倧ãã«ãããç¬ãµãç¬ã¯ããã°ä»¥ãŠéãšãªãã«ããããæ ã«ã建èšè ã«ãããããæéã¯æ§ããè¥ããé²éã¯éããè¥ãã倷éã¯çºã®ãè¥ããäžåŸ·ã¯è°·ã®è¥ãã倪çœã¯èŸ±ã®è¥ãã廣執ã¯è¶³ããããè¥ãã建執ã¯åžãããè¥ãã質çŽã¯æžããè¥ãã倧æ¹ã¯é ãªãã倧åšã¯æ©æãã倧é³ã¯åžè²ã«ããŠã倧象ã¯ç¡åœ¢ãªããšãéã¯é±ããŠåãªããããå¯éã¯åã貞ããŠäžãæããªãã
42. Mind
ååäºç«
The Way bears sensation,
Sensation bears memory,
Sensation and memory bear abstraction,
And abstraction bears all the world;
Each thing in the world bears feeling and doing,
And, imbued with mind, harmony with the Way.
As others have taught, so do I teach,
âWho loses harmony opposes natureâ;
This is the root of my teaching.
éã¯äžãçããäžã¯äºãçããäºã¯äžãçããäžã¯è¬ç©ãçããè¬ç©ã¯é°ãè² ã²ãŠéœãæ±ããæ²æ°£ä»¥ãŠåããããšããªãã人ã®æ¡ãæã¯ãå¯å€å¯¡äžèœã®ã¿ãèããŠçå ¬ã¯ä»¥ãŠçš±ãšãªããæ ã«ãç©æã¯ãããæããŠçããæã¯ãããçããŠæãããªãã人ã®æãµãæã¯ãæããŸããããæãµã区æ¢ãªãè ã¯ããã®æ»ãåŸããåŸã以ãŠæã®ç¶ãšãªãããšãã
43. Overcoming
ååäžç«
Water overcomes the stone;
Without substance it requires no opening;
This is the benefit of taking no action.
Yet benefit without action,
And experience without abstraction,
Are practiced by very few.
倩äžã®è³æã¯ã倩äžã®è³å ã銳éšããç¡æã¯ç¡éã«å ¥ããåŸã¯æ¯ã以ãŠç¡ç²ã®çããããšãç¥ããªããäžèšã®æãšç¡ç²ã®çãšã«ã¯ã倩äžããã«åã¶ããšåžãã
44. Contentment
åååç«
Health or reputation: which is held dearer?
Health or possessions: which has more worth?
Profit or loss: which is more troublesome?
Great love incurs great expense,
And great riches incur great fear,
But contentment comes at no cost;
Who knows when to stop
Does not continue into danger,
And so may long endure.
åãšèº«ãšã¯å°ãã芪ãããã身ãšè²šãšã¯å°ããå€ãªãããåŸãšäº¡ãšã¯å°ããç ãªãããçã æããã°å¿ ã倧ãã«è²»ããå€ãèããã°å¿ ãåã亡ãµã足ãããšãç¥ãã°èŸ±ãããããæ¢ãŸãããšãç¥ãã°æ®ãããã以ãŠé·ä¹ ãªãã¹ãã
45. Quiet
ååäºç«
Great perfection seems incomplete,
But does not decay;
Great abundance seems empty,
But does not fail.
Great truth seems contradictory;
Great cleverness seems stupid;
Great eloquence seems awkward.
As spring overcomes the cold,
And autumn overcomes the heat,
So calm and quiet overcome the world.
倧æã¯çŒºããããããšããããã®çšã¯åŒãªããã倧çã¯æ²ãããããšããããã®çšã¯çª®ãŸããã倧çŽã¯å±ãããããšãã倧åã¯æãªããããšãã倧蟯ã¯èš¥ãªããããšããèºã¯å¯ã«åã¡ãéã¯ç±ã«åã€ããæ·žéã¯å€©äžã®æ£ããã
46. Horses
ååå ç«
When a nation follows the Way,
Horses bear manure through its fields;
When a nation ignores the Way,
Horses bear soldiers through its streets.
There is no greater mistake than following desire;
There is no greater disaster than forgetting contentment;
There is no greater sickness than seeking attainment;
But one who is content to satisfy his needs
Finds that contentment endures.
倩äžã«éããã°ã走銬ãåŽããŠä»¥ãŠç³ãããã倩äžã«éãªããã°ãæ銬ã¯éã«çããã眪ã¯æ¬²ãã¹ãããã倧ãªãã¯ãªããçŠã¯è¶³ãããšãç¥ãããããã倧ãªãã¯ãªããåã¯åŸããšæ¬²ãããã倧ãªãã¯ãªããæ ã«ã足ãããšãç¥ãã®è¶³ãã¯ãåžžã«è¶³ããªãã
47. Knowing
ååäžç«
Without taking a step outdoors
You know the whole world;
Without taking a peep out the window
You know the colour of the sky.
The more you experience,
The less you know.
The sage wanders without knowing,
Sees without looking,
Accomplishes without acting.
æ¶ããåºã§ããã倩äžãç¥ããçãã窺ã¯ãããŠå€©éãèŠãããã®åºã¥ãããšåœé ããã°ããã®ç¥ãããšåœå°ããæ¯ã以ãŠè人ã¯è¡ããããŠç¥ããèŠãããŠåã«ãç²ããããŠæããªãã
48. Inaction
ååå «ç«
The follower of knowledge learns as much as he can every day;
The follower of the Way forgets as much as he can every day.
By attrition he reaches a state of inaction
Wherein he does nothing, but nothing remains undone.
To conquer the world, accomplish nothing;
If you must accomplish something,
The world remains beyond conquest.
åžãç²ããã°æ¥ã«çããéãç²ããã°æ¥ã ã«æãããããæããŠãŸãæãã以ãŠç²ããªãã«è³ããç²ããªãããŠèãç²ãããããšãªããªããæ ã«ã倩äžãåãã«ã¯ãåžžã«äºãªãã以ãŠããäºããã«åã¹ã°ã以ãŠå€©äžãåãã«è¶³ããããªãã
49. People
ååä¹ç«
The sage does not distinguish between himself and the world;
The needs of other people are as his own.
He is good to those who are good;
He is also good to those who are not good,
Thereby he is good.
He trusts those who are trustworthy;
He also trusts those who are not trustworthy,
Thereby he is trustworthy.
The sage lives in harmony with the world,
And his mind is the worldâs mind.
So he nurtures the worlds of others
As a mother does her children.
è人ã«ã¯åžžã®å¿ãªããçŸå§ã®å¿ã以ãŠå¿ãšãªããåãªãè ã¯åŸãããåãšããäžåãªãè ãåŸãŸããããåãšãã埳åãªãã°ãªããä¿¡ãªãè ã¯åŸãããä¿¡ãšããäžä¿¡ãªãè ãåŸãŸããããä¿¡ãšãã埳信ãªãã°ãªããè人ã®å€©äžã«ããããæµæµãšããŠå€©äžã®ããã«ããã®å¿ã枟ã«ããçŸå§ã¯çãã®è³ç®ã泚ããè人ã¯çãããå©ã«ãã
50. Death
äºåç«
Men flow into life, and ebb into death.
Some are filled with life;
Some are empty with death;
Some hold fast to life, and thereby perish,
For life is an abstraction.
Those who are filled with life
Need not fear tigers and rhinos in the wilds,
Nor wear armour and shields in battle;
The rhinoceros finds no place in them for its horn,
The tiger no place for its claw,
The soldier no place for a weapon,
For death finds no place in them.
çã«åºãã°ïŒããïŒæ»ã«å ¥ããªããçã®åŸã¯ãåã«äžãããæ»ã®åŸã¯ãåã«äžãããæ°ã®çããšããŠãåãããã°æ»å°ã«ä¹ãïŒãã®ïŒããŸãåã«äžãããããäœã®æ ãããã®çãçãšããããšã®åãã以ãŠãªããèãèããåãçãæããè ã¯ãéžè¡ããããå èã«éã¯ããè»ã«å ¥ãããç²å µãé¿ãããšãå ã¯ãã®è§ãæãããšãããªããèã¯ãã®çªãæªããšãããªããå µããã®åã容ãããšãããªãïŒãããïŒãªããããäœã®æ ãããã®æ»å°ãªãã以ãŠãªãã
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