1. The Way

一章

The Way that can be experienced is not true;
The world that can be constructed is not true.
The Way manifests all that happens and may happen;
The world represents all that exists and may exist.
To experience without intention is to sense the world;
To experience with intention is to anticipate the world.
These two experiences are indistinguishable;
Their construction differs but their effect is the same.
Beyond the gate of experience flows the Way,
Which is ever greater and more subtle than the world.

道，可道，非常道；名，可名，非常名。无名，天地始；有名，万物母。常无，欲观其妙；常有，欲观其徼。此两者同出而异名，同谓之玄，玄之又玄，众妙之门。

2. Abstraction

二章

When beauty is abstracted
Then ugliness has been implied;
When good is abstracted
Then evil has been implied.
So alive and dead are abstracted from nature,
Difficult and easy abstracted from progress,
Long and short abstracted from contrast,
High and low abstracted from depth,
Song and speech abstracted from melody,
After and before abstracted from sequence.
The sage experiences without abstraction,
And accomplishes without action;
He accepts the ebb and flow of things,
Nurtures them, but does not own them,
And lives, but does not dwell.

天下皆知美之为美，斯恶已；皆知善之为善，斯不善已。故有无相生，难易相成，长短相形，高下相倾，音声相和，前后相随。是以圣人处无为之事，行不言之教。万物作而不辞，生而不有，为而不恃，成功不居。夫唯不居，是以不去。

3. Without Action

三章

Not praising the worthy prevents contention,
Not esteeming the valuable prevents theft,
Not displaying the beautiful prevents desire.
In this manner the sage governs people:
Emptying their minds,
Filling their bellies,
Weakening their ambitions,
And strengthening their bones.
If people lack knowledge and desire
Then they can not act;
If no action is taken
Harmony remains.

不上贤，使民不争；不贵难得之货，使民不盗；不见可欲，使心不乱。圣人治：虚其心，实其腹，弱其志，强其骨。常使民无知无欲，使知者不敢为，则无不治。

4. Limitless

四章

The Way is a limitless vessel;
Used by the self, it is not filled by the world;
It cannot be cut, knotted, dimmed or stilled;
Its depths are hidden, ubiquitous and eternal;
I don’t know where it comes from;
It comes before nature.

道冲，而用之久不盈。深乎！万物宗。挫其锐，解其忿，和其光，同其尘。湛常存。吾不知谁子？象帝之先。

5. Nature

五章

Nature is not kind;
It treats all things impartially.
The Sage is not kind,
And treats all people impartially.
Nature is like a bellows,
Empty, yet never ceasing its supply.
The more it moves, the more it yields;
So the sage draws upon experience
And cannot be exhausted.

天地不仁，以万物为刍狗；圣人不仁，以百姓为刍狗。天地之间，其犹橐蘥。虚而不屈，动而俞出。多言数穷，不如守中。

6. Experience

六章

Experience is a riverbed,
Its source hidden, forever flowing:
Its entrance, the root of the world,
The Way moves within it:
Draw upon it; it will not run dry.

谷神不死，是谓玄牝。玄牝门，天地根。绵绵若存，用之不勤。

7. Complete

七章

Nature is complete because it does not serve itself.
The sage places himself after and finds himself before,
Ignores his desire and finds himself content.
He is complete because he does not serve himself.

天长地久。天地所以能长久者，以其不自生，故能长久。是以圣人后其身而身先，外其身而身存。以其无私，故能成其私。

8. Water

八章

The best of man is like water,
Which benefits all things, and does not contend with them,
Which flows in places that others disdain,
Where it is in harmony with the Way.
So the sage:
Lives within nature,
Thinks within the deep,
Gives within impartiality,
Speaks within trust,
Governs within order,
Crafts within ability,
Acts within opportunity.
He does not contend, and none contend against him.

上善若水。水善利万物，又不争。处众人之所恶，故几于道。居善地，心善渊，与善人，言善信，政善治，事善能，动善时。夫唯不争，故无尤。

9. Retire

九章

Fill a cup to its brim and it is easily spilled;
Temper a sword to its hardest and it is easily broken;
Amass the greatest treasure and it is easily stolen;
Claim credit and honour and you easily fall;
Retire once your purpose is achieved — this is natural.

持而盈之，不若其以。揣而锐之，不可长保。金玉满堂，莫之能守。富贵而骄，自遗其咎。功成、名遂、身退，天之道。

10. Harmony

十章

Embracing the Way, you become embraced;
Breathing gently, you become newborn;
Clearing your mind, you become clear;
Nurturing your children, you become impartial;
Opening your heart, you become accepted;
Accepting the world, you embrace the Way.
Bearing and nurturing,
Creating but not owning,
Giving without demanding,
This is harmony.

载营魄抱一，能无离？专气致柔，能婴儿？涤除玄览，能无疵？爱人治国，能无为？天门开阖，能为雌？明白四达，能无知？生之畜之，生而不有，为而不恃，长而不宰，是谓玄德。

11. Tools

十一章

Thirty spokes meet at a nave;
Because of the hole we may use the wheel.
Clay is moulded into a vessel;
Because of the hollow we may use the cup.
Walls are built around a hearth;
Because of the doors we may use the house.
Thus tools come from what exists,
But use from what does not.

三十辐共一毂，当其无有，车之用。埏埴以为器，当其无有，器之用。凿户牖以为室，当其无有，室之用。有之以为利，无之以为用。

12. Substance

十二章

Too much colour blinds the eye,
Too much music deafens the ear,
Too much taste dulls the palate,
Too much play maddens the mind,
Too much desire tears the heart.
In this manner the sage cares for people:
He provides for the belly, not for the senses;
He ignores abstraction and holds fast to substance.

五色令人目盲；五音令人耳聋；五味令人口爽；驰骋田猎，令人心发狂；难得之货，令人行妨。是以圣人为腹不为目。故去彼取此。

13. Self

十三章

Both praise and blame cause concern,
For they bring people hope and fear.
The object of hope and fear is the self -
For, without self, to whom may fortune and disaster occur?
Therefore,
Who distinguishes himself from the world may be given the world,
But who regards himself as the world may accept the world.

宠辱若惊，贵大患若身。何谓宠辱？辱为下。得之若惊，失之若惊，是谓宠辱若惊。何谓贵大患若身？吾所以有大患，为我有身。及我无身，吾有何患！故贵身于天下，若可托天下；爱以身为天下者，若可寄天下。

14. Mystery

十四章

Looked at but cannot be seen — it is beneath form;
Listened to but cannot be heard — it is beneath sound;
Held but cannot be touched — it is beneath feeling;
These depthless things evade definition,
And blend into a single mystery.
In its rising there is no light,
In its falling there is no darkness,
A continuous thread beyond description,
Lining what can not occur;
Its form formless,
Its image nothing,
Its name silence;
Follow it, it has no back,
Meet it, it has no face.
Attend the present to deal with the past;
Thus you grasp the continuity of the Way,
Which is its essence.

视之不见，名曰夷；听之不闻，名曰希；抟之不得，名曰微。此三者不可致诘，故混而为一。其上不曒，在下不昧。绳绳不可名，复归于无物。是谓无状之状，无物之象，是谓忽恍。迎不见其首，随不见其后。执古之道，以语今之有。以知古始，是谓道已。

15. Enlightenment

十五章

The enlightened possess understanding
So profound they can not be understood.
Because they cannot be understood
I can only describe their appearance:
Cautious as one crossing thin ice,
Undecided as one surrounded by danger,
Modest as one who is a guest,
Unbounded as melting ice,
Genuine as unshaped wood,
Broad as a valley,
Seamless as muddy water.
Who stills the water that the mud may settle,
Who seeks to stop that he may travel on,
Who desires less than may transpire,
Decays, but will not renew.

古之善为士者，微妙玄通，深不可识。夫唯不可识，故强为之容：豫若冬涉川，犹若畏四邻，俨若客，涣若冰将释，敦若朴，混若浊，旷若谷。熟能浊以静之？徐清。安以动之？徐生。保此道者，不欲盈。夫唯不盈，能弊复成。

16. Decay and Renewal

十六章

Empty the self completely;
Embrace perfect peace.
The world will rise and move;
Watch it return to rest.
All the flourishing things
Will return to their source.
This return is peaceful;
It is the flow of nature,
An eternal decay and renewal.
Accepting this brings enlightenment,
Ignoring this brings misery.
Who accepts nature’s flow becomes all-cherishing;
Being all-cherishing he becomes impartial;
Being impartial he becomes magnanimous;
Being magnanimous he becomes natural;
Being natural he becomes one with the Way;
Being one with the Way he becomes immortal:
Though his body will decay, the Way will not.

致虚极，守静笃。万物并作，吾以观其复。夫物云云，各归其根。归根曰静，静曰复命，复命曰常，知常曰明。不知常，忘作，凶。知常容，容能公，公能王，王能天，天能道，道能久，没身不殆。

17. Rulers

十七章

The best rulers are scarcely known by their subjects;
The next best are loved and praised;
The next are feared;
The next despised:
They have no faith in their people,
And their people become unfaithful to them.
When the best rulers achieve their purpose
Their subjects claim the achievement as their own.

太上，下知有之；其次，亲之豫之；其次，畏之侮之。信不足，有不信！由其贵言。成功事遂，百姓谓我自然。

18. Hypocrisy

十八章

When the Way is forgotten
Duty and justice appear;
Then knowledge and wisdom are born
Along with hypocrisy.
When harmonious relationships dissolve
Then respect and devotion arise;
When a nation falls to chaos
Then loyalty and patriotism are born.

大道废，有人义。智惠出，有大伪。六亲不和，有孝慈。国家昏乱，有忠臣。

19. Simplify

十九章

If we could abolish knowledge and wisdom
Then people would profit a hundredfold;
If we could abolish duty and justice
Then harmonious relationships would form;
If we could abolish artifice and profit
Then waste and theft would disappear.
Yet such remedies treat only symptoms
And so they are inadequate.
People need personal remedies:
Reveal your naked self and embrace your original nature;
Bind your self-interest and control your ambition;
Forget your habits and simplify your affairs.

绝圣弃智，民利百倍；绝民弃义，民复孝慈；绝巧弃利，盗贼无有。此三者，为文不足，故令有所属：见素抱朴，少私寡欲。

20. Wandering

二十章

What is the difference between assent and denial?
What is the difference between beautiful and ugly?
What is the difference between fearsome and afraid?
The people are merry as if at a magnificent party
Or playing in the park at springtime,
But I am tranquil and wandering,
Like a newborn before it learns to smile,
Alone, with no true home.
The people have enough and to spare,
Where I have nothing,
And my heart is foolish,
Muddled and cloudy.
The people are bright and certain,
Where I am dim and confused;
The people are clever and wise,
Where I am dull and ignorant;
Aimless as a wave drifting over the sea,
Attached to nothing.
The people are busy with purpose,
Where I am impractical and rough;
I do not share the peoples’ cares
But I am fed at nature’s breast.

绝学无忧。唯之与阿，相去几何？善之与恶，相去何若？人之所畏，不可不畏。忙兮其未央！众人熙熙，若享太牢，若春登台。我魄未兆，若婴儿未孩。乘乘无所归！众人皆有余，我独若遗。我愚人之心，纯纯。俗人昭昭，我独若昏。俗人察察，我独闷闷。淡若海，漂无所止。众人皆有已，我独顽似鄙。我独异于人，而贵食母。

21. Accept

二十一章

Harmony is only in following the Way.
The Way is without form or quality,
But expresses all forms and qualities;
The Way is hidden and implicate,
But expresses all of nature;
The Way is unchanging,
But expresses all motion.
Beneath sensation and memory
The Way is the source of all the world.
How can I understand the source of the world?
By accepting.

孔得之容，唯道是从。道之为物，唯恍唯忽。忽恍中有象，恍忽中有物。真冥中有精，其精甚真，其中有信。自古及今，其名不去，以阅众甫。吾何以知众甫之然？以此。

22. Home

二十二章

Accept and you become whole,
Bend and you straighten,
Empty and you fill,
Decay and you renew,
Want and you acquire,
Fulfill and you become confused.
The sage accepts the world
As the world accepts the Way;
He does not display himself, so is clearly seen,
Does not justify himself, so is recognized,
Does not boast, so is credited,
Does not pride himself, so endures,
Does not contend, so none contend against him.
The ancients said, “Accept and you become whole”,
Once whole, the world is as your home.

曲则全，枉则正；洼则盈，弊则新；少则得，多则或。是以圣人抱一为天下式。不自见，故明；不自是，故彰；不自伐，故有功；不自矜，故长。夫惟不争，故天下莫能与之争。古之所谓‘曲则全’，岂虚语？故成全而归之。

23. Words

二十三章

Nature says only a few words:
High wind does not last long,
Nor does heavy rain.
If nature’s words do not last
Why should those of man?
Who accepts harmony, becomes harmonious.
Who accepts loss, becomes lost.
For who accepts harmony, the Way harmonizes with him,
And who accepts loss, the Way cannot find.

希言自然。飘风不终朝，骤雨不终日。熟为此？天地。天地上不能久，而况于人？故从事而道者，道德之；同于德者，德德之；同于失者，道失之。信不足，有不信。

24. Indulgence

二十四章

Straighten yourself and you will not stand steady;
Display yourself and you will not be clearly seen;
Justify yourself and you will not be respected;
Promote yourself and you will not be believed;
Pride yourself and you will not endure.
These behaviours are wasteful, indulgent,
And so they attract disfavour;
Harmony avoids them.

企者不久，跨者不行，自见不明，自是不彰，自伐无功，自矜不长。其在道，曰余食赘行，物或有恶之，故有道不处。

25. Beneath Abstraction

二十五章

There is a mystery,
Beneath abstraction,
Silent, depthless,
Alone, unchanging,
Ubiquitous and liquid,
The mother of nature.
It has no name, but I call it “the Way”;
It has no limit, but I call it “limitless”.
Being limitless, it flows away forever;
Flowing away forever, it returns to my self:
The Way is limitless,
So nature is limitless,
So the world is limitless,
And so I am limitless.
For I am abstracted from the world,
The world from nature,
Nature from the Way,
And the Way from what is beneath abstraction.

有物混成，先天地生。寂漠！独立不改，周行不殆，可以为天下母。吾不知其名，强字之曰道，强为之名曰大。大曰逝，逝曰远，远曰返。道大，天大，地大，王大。域中有四大，而王处一。人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然。

26. Calm

二十六章

Gravity is the source of lightness,
Calm, the master of haste.
A lone traveller will journey all day, watching over his belongings;
Yet once safe in his bed he will lose them in sleep.
The captain of a great vessel will not act lightly or hastily.
Acting lightly, he loses sight of the world,
Acting hastily, he loses control of himself.
A captain can not treat his great ship as a small boat;
Rather than glitter like jade
He must stand like stone.

重为轻根，静为躁君。是以君子终日行，不离辎重，虽有荣观，燕处超然。如何万乘之主，以身轻天下？轻则失臣，躁则失君。

27. Perfection

二十七章

The perfect traveller leaves no trail to be followed;
The perfect speaker leaves no question to be answered;
The perfect accountant leaves no working to be completed;
The perfect container leaves no lock to be closed;
The perfect knot leaves no end to be ravelled.
So the sage nurtures all men
And abandons no one.
He accepts everything
And rejects nothing.
He attends to the smallest details.
So the strong must guide the weak,
For the weak are raw material to the strong.
If the guide is not respected,
Or the material is not cared for,
Confusion will result, no matter how clever one is.
This is the secret of perfection:
When raw wood is carved, it becomes a tool;
When a man is employed, he becomes a tool;
The perfect carpenter leaves no wood to be carved.

善行，无辙迹；善言，无瘕谪；善计，不用筹策；善闭，无关键不可开；善结，无绳约不可解。是以圣人常善救人，而无弃人；常善救物，而无弃物。是谓袭明。善人，不善人之师；不善人，善人之资。不贵其师，不爱其资，虽知大迷，此谓要妙。

28. Becoming

二十八章

Using the male, being female,
Being the entrance of the world,
You embrace harmony
And become as a newborn.
Using strength, being weak,
Being the root of the world,
You complete harmony
And become as unshaped wood.
Using the light, being dark,
Being the world,
You perfect harmony
And return to the Way.

知其雄，守其雌，为天下蹊。为天下蹊，常德不离，复归于婴儿。知其白，守其黑，为天下式。常得不忒，复归于无极。知其荣，守其辱，为天下谷。为天下谷，常得乃足，复归于朴。朴散为器，圣人用为官长。是以大制无割。

29. Ambition

二十九章

Those who wish to change the world
According with their desire
Cannot succeed.
The world is shaped by the Way;
It cannot be shaped by the self.
Trying to change it, you damage it;
Trying to possess it, you lose it.
So some will lead, while others follow.
Some will be warm, others cold
Some will be strong, others weak.
Some will get where they are going
While others fall by the side of the road.
So the sage will be neither wasteful nor violent.

将欲取天下而为之，吾见其不得已。天下神器，不可为。为者败之，执者失之。夫物或行或随，或嘘或吹，或强或赢，或接或隳。是以圣人去甚，去奢，去泰。

30. Violence

三十章

Powerful men are well advised not to use violence,
For violence has a habit of returning;
Thorns and weeds grow wherever an army goes,
And lean years follow a great war.
A general is well advised
To achieve nothing more than his orders:
Not to take advantage of his victory.
Nor to glory, boast or pride himself;
To do what is dictated by necessity,
But not by choice.
For even the strongest force will weaken with time,
And then its violence will return, and kill it.

以道作人主者，不以兵强天下，其事好还：师之所处，荆棘生。故善者果而已，不以取强。果而勿骄，果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而不得以，是果而勿强。物牡则老，谓之非道，非道早已。

31. Armies

三十一章

Armies are tools of violence;
They cause men to hate and fear.
The sage will not join them.
His purpose is creation;
Their purpose is destruction.
Weapons are tools of violence,
Not of the sage;
He uses them only when there is no choice,
And then calmly, and with tact,
For he finds no beauty in them.
Whoever finds beauty in weapons
Delights in the slaughter of men;
And who delights in slaughter
Cannot content himself with peace.
So slaughters must be mourned
And conquest celebrated with a funeral.

夫佳兵者，不祥之器，物或恶之，故有道不处。君子居则贵左，用兵则贵右。兵者不祥之器，非君子之器，不得已而用之，恬惔为上，故不美，若美之，是乐杀人。夫乐杀者，不可得意于天下。故吉事尚左，凶事尚右。是以偏将军居左，上将军居右。杀人众多，以悲哀泣之；战胜，以哀礼处之。

32. Shapes

三十二章

The Way has no true shape,
And therefore none can control it.
If a ruler could control the Way
All things would follow
In harmony with his desire,
And sweet rain would fall,
Effortlessly slaking every thirst.
The Way is shaped by use,
But then the shape is lost.
Do not hold fast to shapes
But let sensation flow into the world
As a river courses down to the sea.

道常无名。朴虽小，天下不敢臣。王侯若能守，万物将自宾。天地相合，以降甘露，人莫之令而自均。始制有名。名亦既有，天将知止。知止不殆。譬道在天下，犹川谷与江海。

33. Virtues

三十三章

Who understands the world is learned;
Who understands the self is enlightened.
Who conquers the world has strength;
Who conquers the self has harmony.
Who is determined has purpose;
Who is contented has wealth.
Who defends his home may long endure;
Who surrenders his home may long survive it.

知人者智，自知者明。胜人有力，自胜者强。知足者富，强行有志。不失其所者久，死而不亡者寿。

34. Control

三十四章

The Way flows and ebbs, creating and destroying,
Implementing all the world, attending to the tiniest details,
Claiming nothing in return.
It nurtures all things,
Though it does not control them;
It has no intention,
So it seems inconsequential.
It is the substance of all things;
Though it does not control them;
It has no exception,
So it seems all-important.
The sage would not control the world;
He is in harmony with the world.

大道汜，其可左右。万物恃之以生而不辞，成功不名有。爱养万物不为主，可名于大。是以圣人终不为大，故能成其大。

35. Peace

三十五章

If you offer music and food
Strangers may stop with you;
But if you accord with the Way
All the people of the world will keep you
In safety, health, community, and peace.
The Way lacks art and flavour;
It can neither be seen nor heard,
But its benefit cannot be exhausted.

执大象，天下往。往而不害，安平太。乐与饵，过客止。道出言，淡无味，视不足见，听不足闻，用不可既。

36. Opposition

三十六章

To reduce someone’s influence, first expand it;
To reduce someone’s force, first increase it;
To overthrow someone, first exalt them;
To take from someone, first give to them.
This is the subtlety by which the weak overcome the strong:
Fish should not leave their depths,
And swords should not leave their scabbards.

将欲翕之，必故张之；将欲弱之，必故强之；将欲废之，必固兴之；将欲夺之，必固与之。是谓微明。柔胜刚，弱胜强。鱼不可脱于渊，国有利器，不可示人。

37. Tranquillity

三十七章

The Way takes no action, but leaves nothing undone.
When you accept this
The world will flourish,
In harmony with nature.
Nature does not possess desire;
Without desire, the heart becomes quiet;
In this manner the whole world is made tranquil.

道常无为而无不为。侯王若能守，万物将自化。化而欲作，吾将镇之以无名之朴。无名之朴，亦将不欲。不欲以静，天下将自正。

38. Ritual

三十八章

Well established hierarchies are not easily uprooted;
Closely held beliefs are not easily released;
So ritual enthralls generation after generation.
Harmony does not care for harmony, and so is naturally attained;
But ritual is intent upon harmony, and so can not attain it.
Harmony neither acts nor reasons;
Love acts, but without reason;
Justice acts to serve reason;
But ritual acts to enforce reason.
When the Way is lost, there remains harmony;
When harmony is lost, there remains love;
When love is lost, there remains justice;
But when justice is lost, there remains ritual.
Ritual is the end of compassion and honesty,
The beginning of confusion;
Belief is a colourful hope or fear,
The beginning of folly.
The sage goes by harmony, not by hope;
He dwells in the fruit, not the flower;
He accepts substance, and ignores abstraction.

上德不德，是以有德。下德不失德，是以无德。上德无为而无以为，下德无为而有以为。上仁为之而无以为，上义为之而有以为。上礼为之而莫之应，则攘臂而仍之。故失道而后德，失德而后仁，失仁而后义，失义而后礼。夫礼者，忠信之薄，而乱之首。前识者，道之华，而愚之始。是以大丈夫处其厚不处其薄，居其实不居其华。故去彼取此。

39. Support

三十九章

In mythical times all things were whole:
All the sky was clear,
All the earth was stable,
All the mountains were firm,
All the riverbeds were full,
All of nature was fertile,
And all the rulers were supported.
But, losing clarity, the sky tore;
Losing stability, the earth split;
Losing strength, the mountains sank;
Losing water, the riverbeds cracked;
Losing fertility, nature disappeared;
And losing support, the rulers fell.
Rulers depend upon their subjects,
The noble depend upon the humble;
So rulers call themselves orphaned, hungry and alone,
To win the people’s support.

昔之得一者：天得一以清，地得一以宁，神得一以灵，谷得一以盈，万物得一以生，侯王得一以为天下正。天无以清，将恐裂；地无以宁，将恐发；神无以灵，将恐歇；谷无以盈，将恐竭；万物无以生，将恐灭；侯王无以贞，将恐蹶。故贵以贱为本，高以下为基。是以侯王自谓孤、寡、不毂，此其以贱为本耶非？故致数车无车。不欲琭琭如玉，落落如石。

40. Motion and Use

四十章

The motion of the Way is to return;
The use of the Way is to accept;
All things come from the Way,
And the Way comes from nothing.

反者道之动，弱者道之用。天下万物生于有，有生于无。

41. Following

四十一章

When the great man learns the Way, he follows it with diligence;
When the common man learns the Way, he follows it on occasion;
When the mean man learns the Way, he laughs out loud;
Those who do not laugh, do not learn at all.
Therefore it is said:
Who understands the Way seems foolish;
Who progresses on the Way seems to fail;
Who follows the Way seems to wander.
For the finest harmony appears plain;
The brightest truth appears coloured;
The richest character appears incomplete;
The bravest heart appears meek;
The simplest nature appears inconstant.
The square, perfected, has no corner;
Music, perfected, has no melody;
Love, perfected, has no climax;
Art, perfected, has no meaning.
The Way can be neither sensed nor known:
It transmits sensation and transcends knowledge.

上士闻道，勤而行之；中士闻道，若存若亡；下士闻道，大笑之。不笑不足以为道。故建言有之：明道若昧，进道若退，夷道若类，上德若谷，大白若辱，广德若不足，建德若偷，质真若渝，大方无隅，大器晚成，大音希声，大象无形。道隐无名。夫唯道，善贷且善。

42. Mind

四十二章

The Way bears sensation,
Sensation bears memory,
Sensation and memory bear abstraction,
And abstraction bears all the world;
Each thing in the world bears feeling and doing,
And, imbued with mind, harmony with the Way.
As others have taught, so do I teach,
“Who loses harmony opposes nature”;
This is the root of my teaching.

道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物。万物负阴而抱阳，冲气以为和。人之所恶，唯孤、寡、不毂，而王公以为称。故物或损之而益，或益之而损。人之所教，我亦教之：强梁者不得其死，吾将以为教父。

43. Overcoming

四十三章

Water overcomes the stone;
Without substance it requires no opening;
This is the benefit of taking no action.
Yet benefit without action,
And experience without abstraction,
Are practiced by very few.

天下之至柔，驰骋天下之至坚。无有入于无闻。是以知无为有益。不言之教，无为之益，天下希及之。

44. Contentment

四十四章

Health or reputation: which is held dearer?
Health or possessions: which has more worth?
Profit or loss: which is more troublesome?
Great love incurs great expense,
And great riches incur great fear,
But contentment comes at no cost;
Who knows when to stop
Does not continue into danger,
And so may long endure.

名与身熟亲？身与货熟多？得与亡熟病？是故甚爱必大费，多藏必厚亡。故知足不辱，知止不殆，可以长久。

45. Quiet

四十五章

Great perfection seems incomplete,
But does not decay;
Great abundance seems empty,
But does not fail.
Great truth seems contradictory;
Great cleverness seems stupid;
Great eloquence seems awkward.
As spring overcomes the cold,
And autumn overcomes the heat,
So calm and quiet overcome the world.

大成若缺，其用不弊。大盈若冲，其用不穷。大直若屈，大巧若拙，大辩若讷。躁胜塞，静胜热，清静以为天下正。

46. Horses

四十六章

When a nation follows the Way,
Horses bear manure through its fields;
When a nation ignores the Way,
Horses bear soldiers through its streets.
There is no greater mistake than following desire;
There is no greater disaster than forgetting contentment;
There is no greater sickness than seeking attainment;
But one who is content to satisfy his needs
Finds that contentment endures.

天下有道，却走马以粪；天下无道，戎马生于郊。罪莫大于可欲，祸莫大于不知足，罪莫大于欲得。故知足之足，常足。

47. Knowing

四十七章

Without taking a step outdoors
You know the whole world;
Without taking a peep out the window
You know the colour of the sky.
The more you experience,
The less you know.
The sage wanders without knowing,
Sees without looking,
Accomplishes without acting.

不出户，知天下；不窥牖，见天道。其出弥远，其知弥近。是以圣人不行而知，不见而名，不为而成。

48. Inaction

四十八章

The follower of knowledge learns as much as he can every day;
The follower of the Way forgets as much as he can every day.
By attrition he reaches a state of inaction
Wherein he does nothing, but nothing remains undone.
To conquer the world, accomplish nothing;
If you must accomplish something,
The world remains beyond conquest.

为学日益，为道日损，损之又损之，以至于无为。无为无不为。取天下常以无事，及其有事，不足以取天下。

49. People

四十九章

The sage does not distinguish between himself and the world;
The needs of other people are as his own.
He is good to those who are good;
He is also good to those who are not good,
Thereby he is good.
He trusts those who are trustworthy;
He also trusts those who are not trustworthy,
Thereby he is trustworthy.
The sage lives in harmony with the world,
And his mind is the world’s mind.
So he nurtures the worlds of others
As a mother does her children.

圣人无心，以百姓心为心。善者吾善之，不善者吾亦善之，得善。信者吾信之，不信者吾亦信之，得信。圣人在天下，怵怵；为天下，浑其心。百姓皆注其耳目，圣人皆孩之。

50. Death

五十章

Men flow into life, and ebb into death.
Some are filled with life;
Some are empty with death;
Some hold fast to life, and thereby perish,
For life is an abstraction.
Those who are filled with life
Need not fear tigers and rhinos in the wilds,
Nor wear armour and shields in battle;
The rhinoceros finds no place in them for its horn,
The tiger no place for its claw,
The soldier no place for a weapon,
For death finds no place in them.

出生入死。生之徒十有三，死之徒十有三，人之生，动之死地，十有三。夫何故？以其生生之厚。盖闻善摄生者，陆行不遇虎兕，入军不被甲兵。兕无所投其角，虎无所措其爪，兵无所容其刃。夫何故？以其无死地。